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Start up from macOS Recovery
To install scalpel open terminal and enter following commands: # sudo apt-get install scalpel Scalpel installation on Ubuntu and linux Mint Installing Scalpel in CentOS 5.x/6.x and Fedora 15/16/17/18/19/ To install scalpel recovery tool on Centos or Fedora linux, you need to first enable epel repository and type following command: # yum install. Scalpel is an open source file system recovery for Linux and Mac operating systems. Its an open source program for recovering deleted data originally based on foremost, although significantly more efficient. The tool visits the block database storage and identifies the deleted files from it. I had to install Gnuplot today on OS X Mavericks. To do so, I used homebrew, which is an easy way to install the missing packages from OSX, and that I need to work. After typing in the following command in my terminal.
Determine whether you're using a Mac with Apple silicon, then follow the appropriate steps:
Apple silicon
Turn on your Mac and continue to press and hold the power button until you see the startup options window. Click the gear icon labeled Options, then click Continue.
Intel processor
Make sure that your Mac has a connection to the internet. Then turn on your Mac and immediately press and hold Command (⌘)-R until you see an Apple logo or other image.
If you're asked to select a user you know the password for, select the user, click Next, then enter their administrator password.
Reinstall macOS
Select Reinstall macOS from the utilities window in macOS Recovery, then click Continue and follow the onscreen instructions.
Follow these guidelines during installation:
- If the installer asks to unlock your disk, enter the password you use to log in to your Mac.
- If the installer doesn't see your disk, or it says that it can't install on your computer or volume, you might need to erase your disk first.
- If the installer offers you the choice between installing on Macintosh HD or Macintosh HD - Data, choose Macintosh HD.
- Allow installation to complete without putting your Mac to sleep or closing its lid. Your Mac might restart and show a progress bar several times, and the screen might be empty for minutes at a time.
Scalpel Mac Os X Installer
After installation is complete, your Mac might restart to a setup assistant. If you're selling, trading in, or giving away your Mac, press Command-Q to quit the assistant without completing setup. Then click Shut Down. When the new owner starts up the Mac, they can use their own information to complete setup.
Other macOS installation options
When you install macOS from Recovery, you get the current version of the most recently installed macOS, with some exceptions:
- On an Intel-based Mac: If you use Shift-Option-Command-R during startup, you're offered the macOS that came with your Mac, or the closest version still available. If you use Option-Command-R during startup, in most cases you're offered the latest macOS that is compatible with your Mac. Otherwise you're offered the macOS that came with your Mac, or the closest version still available.
- If the Mac logic board was just replaced, you may be offered only the latest macOS that is compatible with your Mac. If you just erased your entire startup disk, you may be offered only the macOS that came with your Mac, or the closest version still available.
You can also use these methods to install macOS, if the macOS is compatible with your Mac:
- Use the App Store to download and install the latest macOS.
- Use the App Store or a web browser to download and install an earlier macOS.
- Use a USB flash drive or other secondary volume to create a bootable installer.
Data recovery is the process of salvaging and handling the data through the data from damaged, failed, corrupted, or inaccessible secondary storage media when it cannot be accessed normally. The data is recoverable because the information is not immediately removed from the disk.
Nowadays many tools are available for recovering lost data. Two of the most popular tool available are Scalpel and Foremost.
In this article, let’s see how to recover lost data using these tools.
1. Scalpel
Scalpel is an open source file system recovery for Linux and Mac operating systems. Its an open source program for recovering deleted data originally based on foremost, although significantly more efficient. The tool visits the block database storage and identifies the deleted files from it and recover them instantly.
Installation
>> From source code :
In order to compile from source code, we need TRE in the server. We can download TRE from http://laurikari.net/tre/download/
The source code for Scalpel is available on : https://github.com/machn1k/Scalpel-2.0
1. First install TRE
tar -xzvf tre-0.8.0.tar.gz
cd tre-0.8.0
./configure
make
make install
2. Now compile and install Scalpel
unzip Scalpel-2.0-master.zip
cd Scalpel-2.0-master
./configure
make
sudo make install
>> From yum repository
Follow the below steps in order to install Scalpel from yum repo :
# yum install scalpel
Sample Output :
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: centos.01link.hk
* epel: mirror.nus.edu.sg
* epel-source: mirror.nus.edu.sg
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
–> Running transaction check
—> Package scalpel.i686 0:2.0-1.el6 will be installed
–> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
Package Arch Version Repository Size
scalpel i686 2.0-1.el6 epel 50 k
Transaction Summary
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 50 k
Installed size: 108 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
scalpel-2.0-1.el6.i686.rpm | 50 kB 00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : scalpel-2.0-1.el6.i686 1/1
Verifying : scalpel-2.0-1.el6.i686 1/1
Installed:
scalpel.i686 0:2.0-1.el6
Complete!
Configuration
By default, all the lines are commented with # in the configuration file.
In scalpel.conf, there are few lines which contain the file types that we can recover. For example gpg, doc, avi, doc, etc. So, before running Scalpel, you need to un-comment the file format that you need to recover.
We just need to remove the # sign from the beginning of these lines in order to uncomment them.
# vi /etc/scalpel/scalpel.conf (uncomment the file format that needs to be recovered)
After that please run the Scalpel. (As root)
# scalpel /dev/sda1 -o /home/digit/RECOVERY/
=> /dev/sda1 is the location of the device where the files are already deleted.
=> /home/digit/RECOVERY is the place to accommodate the files that will be recovered from /dev/sdb1. /dev/sdb1 could also be the location of the folder where the data that we will recover.
=> ‘-o‘ switch indicates an output directory, where you want to restore your deleted files. Make sure that this directory is empty before running any command otherwise it will give you an error.
The scalpel is now performing its process and depending on the disk space you are trying to scan and recover, it will take time to recover your deleted file.
2. Foremost
Foremost is a command-line tool which can recover files from a number of file systems, including fat, ext3 and NTFS. It has many built-in file filters for fast recovery. ( e.g: jpg, zip, rar etc.)
Installation
>> From source code :
The source code is available on the Foremost Sourceforge page: http://foremost.sourceforge.net/
Extract the archive and proceed with installation following the below steps :
# tar -xvzf foremost-1.5.7.tar.gz
# cd foremost-1.5.7
Before installation, open the Makefile and look for the below two lines : (Assuming installation of Foremost 1.5.7 on Mac OS X 10.8)
macinstall: MAN = /usr/share/man/man1/
macuninstall: MAN = /usr/share/man/man1
Substitute the “man1″ by “man8″.
Now the tool can be compiled and installed using the Mac directives:
#make mac
#make macinstall
>> From repository :
#apt-get install foremost
Scalpel Mac Os X Install
Take a look at ‘#man foremost’ to learn how to use foremost.
The included configuration file is located in:
/usr/local/etc/foremost.conf
This file will automatically be loaded if you don’t specify another one by using the -c switch. By default, everything in this file is commented out, though. This means that Foremost will only look for the built-in types.
Scalpel Mac Os X Install Disc
Lets now see how to recover a file (an example jpg file) using Foremost tool :
Scalpel Mac Os X Installer
First, make an empty writable directory to save recover files in a partition other than that you are going to recover (/home/digit/RECOVERY/) and run foremost.
Lets have a try with restoring the partition /dev/sda5.
#foremost -t jpg -i /dev/sda5 -o /home/digit/RECOVERY/
Finally set user permission to /recovery/data/ to view image. type
Scalpel Mac Os X Install Dvd
#chown YOUR_USER_NAME /recovery/data -R
Some important foremost command line arguments.
-i :– partition/image to recover
-o :– location to store recovered files.
-t :– built in file filter options. you can give multiple filters by separating using commas. (e.g: for jpg and pdf: -t jpg,pdf )
-q :- quick mode.
In the recovered location you may see an audit.txt file. This audit.txt contains a summary of what foremost has done.
Scalpel Mac Os X Install
If you require any help with configuration or install contact SupportPRO Server Admins